The term pancreatitis defines a localized inflammatory process in the tissues of the pancreas (pancreas). The acute or chronic course of the disease leads to a violation of the functional state of the organ of any severity, which affects the digestive process. Treatment of pancreatitis, regardless of the severity of the course, the nature and origin of the pathological process, necessarily includes the use of dietary recommendations. According to the classification of diets, the table of pancreatitis is marked with 5p.
The main feature of the diet
The main goal of the diet in acute or chronic pancreatitis is a significant decrease in the functional load on the pancreas, which contributes to the rapid reduction of the inflammatory process. The diet has several of the following distinguishing characteristics:
- The amount of carbohydrates (mainly due to sugar and other easily digestible disaccharides) and fats in the diet will decrease.
- Increase the protein content in the diet.
- There is a sharp restriction on extractive organic compounds, purine bases, refractory oils, essential oils, cholesterol, coarse fiber, which significantly increase the load on the organs of the digestive system.
- Increasing the content of lipotropic compounds and vitamins.
- Dishes should be steamed or boiled. Cooking is limited. Avoid fried foods.
- The number of cold and very hot dishes is limited.
The chemical composition, the daily content of the main organic compounds, as well as the energy value of the diet for pancreatitis include the following indicators:
- Proteins - 110-120 g, 60-65% of which should be obtained from animals.
- Carbohydrates - 350-400 g, of which 30-40 g of sugar is allowed. It is recommended to take 20-30 g of xylitol sweetener.
- Fats - 80 g, 15-20% of which are of vegetable origin.
- Table salt (sodium chloride) - 10 g.
- free liquid - 1. 5 liters.
- Energy value - 2600-2700 kcal.
Recommended food should be 5-6 times a day, and single portions should be small. This allows to reduce the burden on the digestive system in general and the pancreas in particular.
Mechanism of therapeutic action
The pancreas is a functionally important organ of the digestive system. It produces a number of digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, amylase) responsible for the breakdown of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the lumen of the small intestine. With the development of an inflammatory reaction caused by various reasons, the cells of the gland are destroyed, as well as swelling of the tissues. At the same time, compression of the excretory ducts of the pancreas develops, the outflow of contents is disturbed, and then tissue death can be caused by the release of digestive enzymes (pancreonecosis). To prevent the complications of inflammation, it is important to reduce the burden on the pancreas, which is designed 5p diet.
The essence of dietary recommendations is to significantly reduce the amount of carbohydrates and fats that come with food. This leads to a decrease in the functional activity of the pancreas at a normal level, the production of digestive enzymes and the probability of developing pancreatic necrosis. Fractional frequent meals in small portions allow to reduce the load on all organs of the digestive system, which helps to quickly reduce the severity of the inflammatory process of the pancreas. By increasing the amount of lipotropic compounds and vitamins, it is possible to improve the course of metabolic processes in the tissues of the liver and other parenchymal organs of the digestive system.
Instructions
The implementation of dietary recommendations is indicated by the acute transition of the inflammatory process during the development of chronic pancreatitis in remission (improvement of functional status) or recovery (recovery). Also, the diet can be used for joint inflammation of the pancreas, gall bladder, and liver.
Contraindications
It is not recommended to use a diet for pancreatitis with an acute inflammatory process, because in this case table 0 (complete lack of nutrition) is prescribed for several days. The main nutritional organic compounds in the form of monomers are administered parenterally through intravenous drip (amino acids, glucose). Also, if necessary, intensive treatment using drugs of various pharmacological groups is prescribed.
Authorized Products
The use of a diet for pancreatitis includes the use of permitted foods, the list of which is varied and includes:
- The first dishes include vegetables (carrots, potatoes, pumpkin, zucchini), cereals (semolina, rice, buckwheat), vermicelli, soup boiled in water, a little butter is allowed.
- Meat - lean meat includes chicken, rabbit, veal, beef, skinless turkey. Before cooking, the meat is freed from the skin (poultry), tendons. It is recommended to boil or steam it.
- Vegetables - potatoes, cauliflower, zucchini, green beans, carrots, beets, pumpkin boiled, baked or steamed.
- Cereals - cereals made from oats, buckwheat, semolina, rice, which are cooked in water or a little milk. They can also be added to soufflés and puddings.
- Ripe, sweet fruits can be eaten either fresh or cooked.
- Dairy products - low-fat milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream in limited quantities, taking into account normal tolerance.
- Sweets - mousse, jelly, jelly, marmalade, they are prepared with xylitol (sweet substance).
- Chicken eggs - limited, 2 per day in the form of an omelette.
- Flour products - yesterday's bread made from wheat or rye flour, lean products.
- Fats - butter, vegetable oil.
- Drinks - green, weak black tea, fruit juices, compotes, rosehip broth.
Prohibited products
Against the background of the implementation of dietary recommendations for pancreatitis, the use of the following products is excluded:
- Soup, cabbage soup, meat borscht, fish soup, beetroot, okroshka.
- Fatty meat (duck, goose, pork, lamb), fried and baked foods, smoked meat, sausage.
- Oily, fried, baked, salted fish, caviar, canned.
- Various dairy products high in fat and sugar, including lactose (milk sugar).
- Legumes, barley, corn, pearl barley, and milled grains are limited in use.
- White cabbage, turnip, kombucha, sweet pepper, eggplant, radish, onion, garlic, spinach, mushroom, radish.
- Spices, spicy, fatty sauces, especially cooked with meat broth.
- Coffee, cocoa, carbonated and cold drinks.
- Creamy pastries, chocolate, ice cream, sweets containing a significant amount of sugar.
- Animal fats.
Nutritional characteristics
A proper diet for pancreatitis involves following several recommendations and eating habits:
- The menu of acute pancreatitis or exacerbation of the chronic process includes a mandatory maintenance regimen. Food intake is severely restricted to temporary therapeutic starvation (diet 0). As soon as the severity of the inflammatory process is removed, the menu gradually expands, but the food is served in chopped form.
- In chronic pancreatitis, the 5p diet is used without a sparing regimen. This includes the normal temperature regime, with the mandatory exception of very hot and very cold foods.
- An acute inflammatory process in the tissues of the pancreas requires a person to be admitted to a medical hospital, where the doctor determines dietary recommendations. If there is a high probability of developing pancreatic necrosis in the first days, 0 diet is prescribed under the strict supervision of a doctor.
- It is recommended to take food at least 5 times a day in small portions, which allows to significantly reduce the burden of the pancreas.
- It is recommended to have the last meal no later than 2 hours before going to bed. Modern recommendations increase the time between dinner and bedtime to 3-4 hours.
- In chronic pancreatitis, a diet is prescribed for a long time, which is necessary primarily to prevent the increase of the inflammatory process in the tissues of the pancreas.
Sample menu for the week
Monday
- Breakfast - buckwheat porridge boiled in milk, bread and butter, weak black tea.
- Lunch - fresh pears.
- Lunch - soup with vegetables boiled in water, chicken and noodle casserole, apple jelly.
- Snack - cookies, raspberry soup.
- Dinner - boiled fish without bones, mashed potatoes with a little butter, green tea.
Tuesday
- Breakfast - boiled vegetable vinaigrette, cheese sandwich, green tea.
- Lunch - cottage cheese with prunes.
- Lunch - rice and milk soup, boiled chicken and boiled carrots, fruit compote.
- Lunch is fat-free cookies with freshly squeezed fruit juice.
- Dinner - macaroni with cheese, boiled in water, jelly.
Wednesday
- Breakfast - apple and carrot salad, chopped steamed meatballs, fruit juice.
- Lunch is baked pears.
- Lunch - vegetable soup cooked in milk, boneless fish boiled with rice porridge, fresh fruit.
- Snack - cookies, dried fruit compote.
- Dinner - rice porridge cooked in milk, cheese sandwich, apple compote.
Thursday
- Breakfast - semolina porridge boiled in milk, with prunes, weak black tea.
- Lunch - apple jam and carrot puree.
- Lunch - vegetable soup cooked in a decoction of dried fruits, cottage cheese pudding, baked apple.
- Snack - fruit jelly.
- Dinner - buckwheat porridge, steamed beef cutlets boiled in water, non-carbonated mineral water.
Friday
- Breakfast - carrots, black tea and cheesecakes.
- Lunch - cottage cheese with low fat cream.
- Lunch - soup with barley and carrots boiled in water, boiled cabbage and chicken with rice, fruit jelly.
- Snack - sweet fresh apple.
- Dinner - potatoes boiled in water, boiled fish without bones, kefir, a piece of bread.
Saturday
- Breakfast - fruit jam, cheesecakes with green tea.
- Lunch is a fresh banana.
- Lunch - borscht cooked in vegetable broth, vegetable and chicken casserole, fruit compote.
- Snack - dry cookies, dried fruit compote.
- Dinner - pasta and boiled beef, casserole with kefir.
Sunday
- Breakfast - soup with potato dumplings boiled in milk, weak black tea.
- Lunch is a fresh sweet apple.
- Lunch - stewed cabbage soup with vegetable broth, boiled pasta with steam cutlets, compote.
- Snack - cookies, raspberry soup.
- Dinner - omelet made from chicken eggs, lazy dumplings with cottage cheese, kefir.
Doctor's opinion
Pancreatitis diet is biologically correct. By reducing the functional load on the pancreas, the risk of complications, including pancreatic necrosis, is significantly reduced, and the inflammatory process in the tissues of the organ is accelerated. At the same time, the severity of the tumor decreases, the secretion of pancreatic juice and bile improves, which contributes to the normalization of the functional activity of all organs of the digestive system. Dietary recommendations are intended to reduce the functional load on the pancreas during acute inflammation or against the background of the chronic course of the disease. During acute pancreatitis, the 0 diet, which is a therapeutic starvation, may be prescribed because of the high risk of pancreatic necrosis in the hospital setting.